Responsible Off-Roading in West Virginia
There's no denying that West Virginia is an off-roader’s muddy dream. With mountains that demand respect, forests dense enough to swallow your GPS signal whole, and a history as rugged as the terrain itself, this state is primed for adventure. But let’s address the elephant in the mud—off-roading has an image problem, one that we are determined to help change. Too often, people associate off-roading with environmental destruction, trespassing, and reckless behavior. The truth is, responsible off-roading exists, and when done correctly, it can be a force for good.
The Mountain State has rapidly emerged as the East Coast's premier off-road destination, offering a diverse array of trails and parks that cater to enthusiasts of all levels. Beyond the renowned Hatfield-McCoy Trail System, which I’ll get to later, the state boasts several privately owned off-highway vehicle (OHV) parks that have significantly contributed to this burgeoning reputation. A few examples include:
Burning Rock Off-Road Park spans 10,000 acres in Raleigh County, featuring over 100 miles of trails suitable for various skill levels and vehicle types.
The Good Evening Ranch in Canvas offers 400 acres of private land, mild to wild trails, accommodating everything from stock 4x4s to rock bouncers. Featured in an episode of Ultimate Adventure 2023.
The Appalachian Outlaw Trails (AOT) in the Upper Kanawha Valley just announced that they’re expanding their network, aiming to double their current 25 miles of trails and establish a comprehensive off-roading resort.
These developments underscore West Virginia's commitment to providing world-class off-roading experiences, solidifying its status as a hub for enthusiasts.
The Stigma and Importance of Responsible Off-Roading
Trail cleanup during an OVR Adventure
When some people hear the term "off-roading," they picture deep ruts cut into fragile ecosystems, irresponsible drivers ripping through private property in mud-caked trucks and Jeeps, leaving behind a trail of trash and Mike’s Hard Lemonade cans. This perception is fueled by the unfortunate reality that some individuals ignore regulations, disrespect public and private property, and harm delicate wildlife and ecosystems, damaging both the land and the reputation of the 4x4 and off-road communities.
Illegal trailblazing, driving through sensitive areas, and trespassing on private land have led to trail closures, fines, and a general distrust of off-roaders. It only takes a few bad actors to ruin access for everyone. This is why it’s so critical to make a distinction between illegal off-roading and legally recognized unmaintained roads that are open to the public. At OVR Co., we dedicate ourselves to educating our clients and the public on responsible off-road travel—ensuring that our passion for adventure doesn’t come at the cost of the land or the communities around it. We always encourage trail stewardship and leaving places cleaner than we found them.
Off-roading doesn’t have to be at odds with conservation and land stewardship. In fact, when done right, it can stimulate rural economies, protect natural resources, raise awareness for critical wildlife and ecosystems, and ensure that these trails remain open for future generations. That’s why we practice and promote Tread Lightly! principles, which emphasize minimizing environmental impact, respecting other trail users, and leaving no trace.
Being a steward of the land means more than just following the rules—it means actively working to keep trails open and accessible. We encourage drivers to stick to established trails, avoid sensitive areas, and advocate for responsible trail use. We also educate our clients on trail etiquette, helping them understand when and where off-roading is appropriate as well as techniques that reduce our impact on the land.
Dueling Off-Roading Cultures
Polaris SxS
While the term "off-roading" is often used as a catch-all, there’s a distinct difference between the 4x4 truck and SUV community and the world of Side-by-Sides (SxS), UTVs, and ATVs. Both groups love adventure, but they often have different approaches, priorities, and—let’s be honest—sometimes clash on the trails.
At OVR Co., our focus is on full-size 4x4 vehicles—trucks, SUVs, and overland rigs built for technical terrain, remote exploration, and responsible trail use. These vehicles require different skills and considerations than lightweight, high-speed SxSs, which can quickly tear up trails due to their power-to-weight ratio and aggressive riding style. While we often share access to the same trail networks, tension exists between the two communities, especially in areas where land managers struggle to maintain trails against the wear and tear of mixed-use traffic.
We believe in responsible off-roading for everyone, but we also recognize that different vehicles have different impacts on the land. Our goal is to work with trail managers and landowners to ensure sustainable access for full-size 4x4s while respecting the needs of other off-road communities. At the end of the day, we all share a love for the wild, and with the right approach, we can keep these trails open for everyone.
Legal Off-Road Routes
One of the biggest misconceptions about off-roading is that it means driving anywhere you want. In reality, West Virginia offers an extensive network of legal, unmaintained county roads that provide plenty of adventure while staying within the boundaries of the law. These roads, often labeled as "primitive" or "unmaintained," remain public rights-of-way even if they aren’t serviced regularly or at all.
However, confusion arises when private landowners illegally block access to these roads. This is a problem we’ve encountered firsthand while exploring West Virginia, Alabama, and Tennessee, where landowners have placed gates or barriers on public roads, either to discourage travel or because they mistakenly believe the land belongs to them. When these legal roads are blocked, it pushes some drivers to create their own paths, which is how some illegal off-roading begins. This is why we encourage off-roaders to do their homework before heading out—using verified resources to ensure they’re on legal routes and advocating for public access where it is being wrongfully denied.
Using reliable resources like GIS data and a high-quality GPS system, such as OnX Maps, is essential for planning safe and legal routes. As an official OnX Off-Road Trail Guide, we use OnX Offroad Elite because it allows drivers to:
Verify public and private land ownership
Avoid restricted or closed areas
View real-time trail reports, including trail status, conditions, and obstructions recently reported by other users
We encourage all off-roaders to invest in mapping tools such as OnX Offroad to ensure their adventures remain safe, legal, and respectful of landowners' rights. If you’re interested in OnX Offroad discounts and training opportunities, please contact us.
Eco-tourism
WV State Senator Mark Maynard has been a strong advocate for off-highway vehicle (OHV) recreation in the state. He recognizes its significant contribution to both tourism and the local economy. In 2018, he introduced Senate Bill 508 to establish an OHV State Trail Authority, aiming to promote and manage trail systems like Hatfield-McCoy. Additionally, in 2021, Senator Maynard played a key role in forming the West Virginia Motorsports Committee to support and promote motorsports activities, including trail systems, throughout the state.
The Hatfield-McCoy Trail System has become a significant economic driver for southern West Virginia. According to a 2019 economic impact study, the trails generated over $38 million in economic activity and supported approximately 430 full-time equivalent positions across the state. This influx of off-road enthusiasts has bolstered local businesses, from lodging and dining to equipment rentals and retail, showcasing the positive impact that well-managed off-road recreation can have on rural economies. https://trailsheaven.com
In partnership with organizations like Backroads of Appalachia, OVR Co. is committed to promoting eco-tourism that benefits local communities. Backroads of Appalachia, a non-profit motorsports organization, has made substantial contributions to the region's economy. In 2024, their initiatives generated approximately $92.4 million in regional economic activity, involving over 75,000 participants and spectators across 51 counties. By collaborating on events that attract motorsports enthusiasts, they not only provide thrilling experiences but also raise funds for local charities, reinforcing our dedication to responsible recreation and community support. https://backroadsofappalachia.org
Driver navigating around a large boulder at the 24 Hours of Appalachia Rally
Beyond its network of off-road trails and OHV parks, West Virginia’s state and national parks, as well as its vast national forests, play a crucial role in the state’s eco-tourism economy. The Monongahela National Forest alone spans nearly a million acres, offering a mix of rugged backroads, scenic byways, and dispersed camping opportunities for overlanders and off-road explorers. New River Gorge National Park, the country’s newest national park, also features legal off-highway vehicle trails, providing a unique opportunity to explore the history and beauty of one of West Virginia’s most iconic landscapes. These public lands attract millions of visitors each year, fueling local economies through lodging, dining, and outdoor recreation. By advocating for sustainable trail use and responsible driving practices, we help ensure that these areas remain accessible for adventure seekers while preserving West Virginia’s natural beauty for future generations.
Join OVR Co. for Guided Adventures
Navigating the legalities of off-road travel can be overwhelming, especially for those new to the community and/or West Virginia. That’s where OVR Co. comes in. We put in the time and effort to explore and verify legal off-road routes so that our clients can enjoy the experience without the guesswork. Whether you’re new to off-roading or a seasoned driver looking for the region’s best-kept secrets, our guided adventures offer a safe, legal, and thrilling way to experience the backroads of West Virginia.
By choosing OVR Co., you’re not just signing up for an off-road adventure—you’re supporting responsible trail use and helping to improve the public perception of off-roading. Let’s prove that off-roaders can be responsible, respectful, and passionate stewards of the land.
Ready to explore the wild and wonderful West Virginia the right way? Contact OVR Co. today to book a guided adventure and experience off-roading as it should be—legal, responsible, and unforgettable.
